Discrimination and Single Equality Scheme Essay

Ann Gravells states the importance of keeping uptodate with legislation and codes of practise in Preparing to Teach in the LifeLong Learning Sector. According to Gravells it is important to do so â€Å"to ensure you are remaining current with your knowledge and practise, and any changes or updates that have taken place.† I comply with various generic legislation and codes of practise which relate to my role as a teacher and some that are specific to the subjects I teach i.e. assessor and verifier awards, management, helath & socialcare (adults and children) and some specific to my organisation. As a teacher I need to be aware of and comply with the following: †¢ Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. †¢ shall be the duty of every employee while at work— †¢ (a)to take reasonable care for the health and safety of himself and of other persons who may be affected by his acts or omissions at work; and †¢ (b)as regards any duty or requirement imposed on his employer or any other person by or under any of the relevant statutory provisions, to co-operate with him so far as is necessary to enable that duty or requirement to be performed or complied with †¢ Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000. †¢ Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and 2005 (DDA). †¢ Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 (designed to bring education within the remit of the DDA through the addition of Part 4 DDA 1995). †¢ Equality Act 2010. the Act is to consolidate the complicated and numerous array of Acts and Regulations, which formed the basis of anti-discrimination law in Great Britain. This was, primarily, the Equal Pay Act 1970, the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, the Race Relations Act 1976, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and three major statutory instruments protecting discrimination in employment on grounds of religion or belief, sexual orientation and ageIt requires equal treatment in access to employment as well as private and public services, regardless of the protected characteristics of age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation. In the case of gender, there are special protections for pregnant women. In the case of disability, employers an d service providers are under a duty to make reasonable adjustments to their workplaces to overcome barriers experienced by disabled people. †¢ Data Protection Act 1998. †¢ Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (The Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003). †¢ IfL Code of Practice for Teachers (2008) covers the activities of teachers in Lifelong learning sector. Gravells, a the code is based on seven behaviours, namely: professional integrity, respect, reasonable care, professiponal practise, criminal defense disclosure, responsibility during institute investigations, responsibility. †¢ Safer practice, safer learning (2007) – responsibilities for safeguarding vulnerable adults in the learning and skills sector – published by NIACE and DES. The LSC Single Equality Scheme 2007-10: Our Strategy for Equality and Diversity (LSC, 2007) identifies their strategy for ensuring legal requirements are met and is relevant to all organisations funded by the LSC (Learning and Skills Council), link http://readingroom.lsc.gov.uk/lsc/National/nat-singleequalityscheme-30apr07.pdf [pic] Although mainly relevant for teachers working with learners under 19 or vulnerable adults under 25 years of age, you should also look at: †¢ Protection of Children Act 1999. †¢ Every Child Matters Every Child Matters (ECM) is a UK government initiative for England and Wales, that was launched in 2003, at least partly in response to the death of Victoria Climbià © Its main aims are for every child, whatever their background or circumstances, to have the support they need to: †¢ Be healthy †¢ Stay safe †¢ Enjoy and achieve †¢ Make a positive contribution †¢ Achieve economic well-being Biblography: Gravells, Ann: Preparing tpo Teach in the Life Long Learning Sector : fourth Edition. †¢ Safer practice, safer learning (2007) Responsibilities for safeguarding vulnerable adults in the learning and skills sector, NIACE and DES. †¢ LSC (2007) Single Equality Scheme: Our Strategy for Equality and Diversity Online: http://readingroom.lsc.gov.uk/lsc/National/nat-singleequalityscheme-30apr07.pdf [pic] http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37/section/7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_Act_2010 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Every_Child_Matters

Analysis of Chocolat

Analysis of Chocolat In this extract from Chocolat by Joanne Harris, a mother and her young daughter, Anouk, have just arrived at Lansquenet-sous-Tannes, a small village in France. The story is told from the mother’s point of view in the first person. Only at the end of the scene – when a man asks â€Å"On holiday, Madame? † – we discover that the narrator is a woman. It is carnival time. The narrator describes the excitement of the participants using the senses. For example, the atmosphere is full of smells of foods which sound really good; â€Å"pancakes and sausages and powdery-sweet waffles† contrast with the cold of the winter.In the same way, the woman appeals to the sense of sight to describe the decorated carts which remind to some fairy tales; for instance, â€Å"a gingerbread house all icing and gilded cardboard† calls to mind Hansel and Gretel. Then, she compares the carnival with others that both she and her daughter have seen. â €Å"A procession of two hundred and fifty of the decorated chars in Paris last Mardi Gras, a hundred and eighty in New York, [†¦] drum majorettes with batons spinning and sparkling† tells us that the carnival itself is something typical of their lives.In this case, it can represent the new beginning in the new town. It also means that they have travelled a lot. Moreover, when Anouk asks her mother â€Å"Are we staying? † we understand that the child likes so much the new village that she wants to stay there. In contrast with the carts of the carnival, which are colourful and expressive, the houses of Lansquenet-sous-Tannes â€Å"leaning secretively together†. Only people have secrets, not the houses, so the author uses a metaphor to suggest something sinister about the place and probably to stimulate the interest of the readers.The small village looks apparently perfect. â€Å"There is no police station at Lansquenet-sous-Tannes, therefore no crime† means that people think that there are no crimes, but this does not convince the woman. â€Å"But for now everything is blurred†. There is also a strong presence of the church and of the religion in general. For example, the church is described as â€Å"aggressively whitewashed†; similarly, the priest is seen as â€Å"a black figure† who is compared to the Plague Doctor.The priest is also described with a â€Å"rigid stance† and â€Å"pale eyes† which confirms the idea of an unfriendly person. All the other residents are characterized in two different ways. On the one hand, there are the adults, who look suspiciously and with curiosity to the two protagonists. As the text says, â€Å"tourists are a rarity†. The sentence â€Å"I feel their eyes upon us† emphasizes the fact that the woman and her daughter are observed. On the other hand, the children transmit colour and vitality.For instance, the clothing of the adults are â€Å"brown, black or grey†; the children, instead, â€Å"flying colours of red and lime-green and yellow, seem like a different race†. The author uses a lot of adjectives, which add many details to the descriptions. For example, when the woman talks about her daughter, she says â€Å"her eyes, which are the blue-green of the Earth seen from a great height, shining†. This also helps us to understand the close relationship between the two characters.

Cultural Influence on Human Development Essay

It is important to understand why culture affects and is an integral part of human development and should not be overlooked. Demographic experts predict that the human population will reach 9 billion by 2050, but the rise will not occur equally around the world. The existing demographic divide between the wealthy developed countries and the poor developing countries will only widen because majority of the increase will occur among the developing countries whilst that of the former will actually decline progressively. As it is, the combined population of developed countries only make up 18% of the total world population, and 9 of 10 individuals living here are in the top 20% of the global income distribution. In contrast, about 40% of the world’s population lives on less than two dollars per day (Arnett, 2012). Variations in human development occur because of differences in cultural settings, which in turn are significantly impacted by socioeconomic status (SES) of a group. Edu cational level, income level, and occupational status are all parameters within the SES. It pervades all aspects of human development, from risk of infant mortality to quality of education and job prospects to affording healthcare in old age. It is no surprise that differences in SES are sharp between developed and developing countries. Like SES, gender and ethnicity are strong drivers of culture and are key factors in development. The dichotomy is blurred now, but throughout our history cultural expectations of men and women have been vastly different. The Hunter-gatherer way of live evolved because our Homo ancestors needed to adapt to the long infant dependency to the mother, who remained in a stable home base caring for the offspring and gathering edibles within reach while the males ventured out to hunt for food. An extreme example of women assuming a secondary role occurred in Imperial China (10th or 11th century) where young women of the wealthy elite who did not need them to work were subjected to painful foot binding to prevent further growth. This was a display of status and became the symbol of beauty in Chinese culture. So deep-seated is the gender difference in Antiquity that it manifested in the ancient conceptions of human development that the three ancient religions – Dharmashastras (Hindu), G reek (conceived by the philosopher Solon), and the holy Talmud (Jewish) – were all written by and for men only. Women were excluded from areas such as religious leadership and philosophy. Religion,  along with race and language, is a component of ethnicity. Recent scientific conceptions of human development also hinge on the influence of the social environment. Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory (Bronfenbrenner, 2005) draws attention to the broader cultural environment beyond the mother-child relationship that people experience as they develop. He distinguishes an exosystem of social institutions – school, religion, and media – that have indirect but pivotal influences on development. His more encompassing macrosystem of cultural beliefs and values form the foundation of economic and governmental systems. Middle Eastern countries possess governments and economic systems that are based on Islam. Conversely, developed countries believe in the value of individual freedom and this is reflected in their capitalist economy and democratic government. No matter how we look at it, every aspect of human development be it biological, psychological or social, is invariably intertwined with culture. Moreover, a study on human development that focuses on the 18% of the world’s population living in developed countries that can fund major research undertaking is both inadequate and unfair. Poor developing countries have rich and complex cultural systems that have legitimate impact on human development. Therefore it is vital that we learn about human development as it is experienced around the world.

Cross culture awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Cross culture awareness - Essay Example Organization culture is key element in the organizational excellence and it existence. Organizational culture is depending on the constructed environment of the organization, office layout, public documents like character and orientation of employees and manners of dress code, visible and audible patterns. This is group culture which is developed or invented by learning, internal integration and external adaptation. Cultural analysis is a key facto for identification and tackles the cultural differences between the parties who participate in a merger (Botha, 2001). Analysis of cultural difference and common factors in both organization and proper interaction between two parties on these difference are plays significant role in the success of a merger. Recruit Right, the company from USA and Managerial Recruiters from Japan decided to merge there business activities due to the market pressure and starts its new operation in Germany targeting the wide opportunity in European Market and also the opportunity to tackle the potential candidates, training program and tax incentives are the major enhancement for the companies to relocate and start its business in Germany. Both companies Recruit right and Managerial recruiters are belonging to two different countries which have totally different cultural. Merging these two companies are causing difficulties or issue not only because two cultural differences, but also the new endeavor they are looking to stars in Germany which is again totally different from the culture belonging to these two companies. It will be a challenge for the company to merge the two different corporate cultures and adopt totally new corporate culture. Corporate culture is the combination of the inherited values, tradition and symbols, which include general image, external and internal, prized rewards, bonus, company housing etc. Every company has its own individual characteristics and entity,

MDCs Approach To Motivating And Coordinating Employees In Xerox Essay - 10

MDCs Approach To Motivating And Coordinating Employees In Xerox - Essay Example This could most clearly demonstrate the role of Clendenin being the authority as the project manager within the organization because they are let go to coordinate activities and build teams according to their own creative standards and communication patterns after the rational career development training. The sources of power in a matrix organization like Xerox are very disparate and changeable, to reflect the external environment of change and dynamism in a competitive industry. Clendenin created many new opportunities for looking at organizations and the relationships that are formed out of a sense of circumstance and happening rather than out of a sense of totalized management planning. The result was a more open and malleable system that accounts for vagaries in the organization and obstacles that may not be as easily accounted for from other, more rationally strict viewpoints. This perspective also often stresses the ability of the face of the organization, like Clendenin, to determine its corporate culture. Clendenin has a strong social network based on a foundation of team-based management. MDC has made various organizational design choices as shown in the case, particularly revolving around its new career development initiatives and new procedures that focus on teamwork as well as effective management. In terms of its status as an organization as shown and depicted in the case, MDC has faced design challenges in various ways. In terms of vertical differentiation, this has been met at the organization through the maintenance of systems within a matrix type design, which still has differentiated areas of control such as those of project manager and sub-project manager, who are able to balance between the multinational sections of the organization and the more domestic management- or budget-oriented sections, which form two distinct organizational cultures.

Organizational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Change - Essay Example Technical issues can be dealt with expertise while others require the managers to make use of emotional intelligence to control the matters. In a vast majority of cases, both occur together in the change implementation cases. Flexibility is the key to success in change management. Certain adaptive and technical competences are vital to be successful as a change manager. These competences have been presented in this article after a thorough analysis of past research pertaining to the subject. Change science is fundamental to bringing about the behavioral change in the workforce. It enables the leader to define the objectives, tasks and milestones in a way that is conducive for higher motivation in the workforce. Change art is required to manage the factors that are driven by behavior and emotions. Change leaders can get to know their initiatives more clearly using change art. Change art collects information from the surroundings, evaluates it and generates useful information for the c hange leaders so that they may realize the measures needed to raise the motivation of workforce. Change art places more emphasis on behavioral goals than technical goals and hence, may compromise upon technical specifications as deadlines and milestones.

Global Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global Business - Assignment Example However, expansion into global markets also brings with it certain risks which organizations have to manage in order to successfully build their presence into new markets. (Dlabay and Scott, 2011) International organizations, in order to successfully enter into any foreign market, has to actually understand the social and cultural context of the market, its political and economic systems along with further understanding the regulatory environment of the market. What is also critical to understand that global organizations have design and develop their strategies in a manner which can help them to manage a trade-off between the risks and returns and ensure that all the risks are identified and assessed strategically in order to allow the organization desired results? This paper will therefore discuss and compare Republic of Congo with that of UK in terms of its political, economic, regulatory environment etc. This paper also aims to use different theories which can be used to analyze entry of City College Norwich into the Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo or DRC is located in Central Africa in the northeast of Angola. The total area of the country is over 2 million kilometers, less than one-third of US, with both and sea and water covering the whole area and as such country is accessible from land as well as seas. The overall population of the country is over 77 million with majority of the population belong to Congolese origin. 50% of the population is Roman Catholic followed by Protestants. Muslims and other religions also exist in the country however, overall the country is a Christian majority country. It is also important to note that over 43% of the population falls in the age group of 0-14 years old whereas significant portion of the population is between the age of 15 to 54 years. (Cia.gov, 2015) DRC has remained a volatile country since its

Project Management Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project Management Master - Assignment Example That is why Project Management is told to be the best method of implementing change. The defining and planning stage - means to plan the project in more detail by writing and publishing a full definition of the project and determining a project plan. The production of a Project Plan, or Schedule, is a key part of the development of any project. The schedule Formal methods of project management offer a framework to manage this process and provides a series of procedures to manage the project through its life cycle. According to the Lasa Computanews Guide to Project Management, the key elements are: Many project management systems are proprietary. Project management consultants sell them as a package of services that will include training sessions and consultancy alongside documentation that will include templates and guidance notes. These packages don't come cheap - they cost hundreds or thousands of pounds. But this approach may be a cost effective solution for larger organizations that want to set up a structure to manage a number of projects. Practically, they are paying to set up a framework that includes: training for staff, consultancy and support to manage projects within the organization. However, in RCIAS Good Practice Bulletin No3 there are noted some of the common issues identified within the Research Councils or the wider public and private sectors: Procurement Strategy, Guidelines, Supply of management information, Training, Contract Signing Powers, Use of consultants. The Procurement Strategy issue is determined by the fact that few councils have a formal and authorized procurement strategy.

Justice & Institution Building in the UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Justice & Institution Building in the UAE - Essay Example First, Sheikh Zayed brought law and order without a police force through luring the effective tribesmen and the outlaw tribesmen to let them join the tribal chiefdom. Strategically, he then used the former fugitives to arrest the remaining bandits. His approach was allied to the western tradition of justice. His gesture or strategy in eradicating banditry emulated the western systems of community sensitization that involves groundsmen in eliminating crime. At least, a democratic process was incorporated in this initiative, a sign that the leader embraces some of the western techniques of the justice systems. Second, the leaders also bridged the tension between the western rule of law tradition and Islamic customs by embracing diplomatic ways of handling conflicts. In the past, before the leadership of the renewed leader, the sharia laws existed but favored the wealthy families. However, as the term of the leader commenced he revolutionized the approach and considered the poor households in terms of resource distribution. According to the leader, justice for all was a divine injunction and neither the Quran nor the Sharia laws were going to deter people from getting a fair share of the resources that they deserved. Sheikh Zayed also cooled the tension between the two diverse legislative models through holding a more liberal perception about the sharia laws. As opposed to Sunni, who adopted a more radical and irrational system of justice, he introduced goodwill, kindness, compassion and generosity when interpreting the Sharia. In addition, he advocated justice for all as a means of putting things in their right places and establishing a balance between obligation and rights. Furthermore, he ensured justice for all people irrespective of race, nationality, and religion. His perception in combination with the installation of a more formal justice

Care of Alzheimer Patient Issues in the Family Research Paper

A Care of Alzheimer Patient Issues in the Family - Research Paper Example I strongly hypothesize that most families and members of the society, in general, do not have the potential and ability to identify the early symptoms of the disease so that early intervention regimes can be implemented, are unable to cope with the increasing demands of caring for an Alzheimer’s patient and themselves often coped poorly under the circumstances of having an Alzheimer’s patient within the household. I also hypothesize that some families do not pay due care and attention that is demanded by these patients. If so, my question is what these clients/ families and the community in general needs most from the human service provider and organization. Alzheimer’s disease, thought to be a consequence of the increase in the production/ accumulation of a specific protein (beta-amyloidal protein) which causes nerve cell damage, is a progressive disease of the brain featuring memory retardation and disturbances in other cognitive/ mental functions such as language and perception of reality. On average, symptoms of Alzheimer’s are noticed by families three years before a conclusive diagnosis is done. While not an inevitable part of aging, Alzheimer prevalence increases significantly after the age of 65 years (Zarka, 2011). The disease develops when the toxic protein, beta amyloidal, accumulates in the brain in the form of plaques which are thought to be in turn toxic to neurons, disrupting messages within the brain by damaging connections between brain cells. The brain cells finally die and information recalling or assimilation disrupted hence.

Marketing in the Media 2013 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing in the Media 2013 - Essay Example In accordance to Cant (2006), marketing is mainly associated with any marketing media event since the company can display its latest products. It is paramount to note that marketing is mainly defined as the creation of awareness that a certain product exists through any paid method form of non-personal either through various mediums that include e-mail, direct mail, print, radio or participation in a marketing media activity (Pride & Ferrell, 2013). The major purposes of such events are for promoting and presentation of services, goods or ideas by any identified sponsor who for the purposes of this study is Samsung Electronics Company. There are various examples of mediums that a company can fully utilize, and they include web pages, posters, billboards, radio, print adverts and the television, which includes the mostly viewed television commercial on the new cell phone, the Galaxy Note by Samsung. Sam sung first created and aired the first commercial when the latest Super Bowl footb all game was taking place, and it was shown on television to create effectively awareness on the numerous benefits of the Galaxy Note prior to the marketing media event in Europe. This commercial differentiated the new Galaxy Note from a very particular competitor at the same time targeting a certain specific market segment. This also happened in the marketing media event on September 4th, 2013 at IFA in Europe (Bloomberg, 2013). This unique marketing media event displayed the new Samsung Galaxy Note in a very creative and effective manner that attracted huge numbers of people who were curious on knowing the Galaxy Notes benefits. On the screen was the advert where the features of the Galaxy Note were displayed, and they included the new phone’s screen that is larger, the included stylus, the camera capabilities as well as the video conferencing that the new phone can facilitate. The phone’s camera capabilities include the video; the camera’s features for both t he back and the front and when it is at still status (Bloomberg, 2013). The marketing media event by Samsung at IFA is relevant to marketing since it was taking place at IFA, which is the largest consumer-electronics show in Europe where it attracts many people. It is also an event where various companies display innovations and products, which mainly rival their competitors, and this was an exception to the Samsungs’ activity at the event (Armstrong & Armstrong, 2009). This is an event where various high-flying company marketers usually use their latest expertise and current trends to highlight their products. It is vital to note that such an event will normally be knowledgeable to any marketer with a passion on their professional carriers (Pride & Ferrell, 2011). However, such great events will always have marketing issues that are at stake considering the high level of sensitivity that normally goes with such highly publicized events (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011). Recent r esearch by notable marketing researchers has extensively shown that such high-level events will have marketing issues that are most likely to take place, and it is therefore, the job of the marketers’ in-charge of these marketing events to strategize on how they will handle such eventualities (Kurtz & Young, 2009). Among the marketing issues that are at stake on such events include the possibility of the event being a failure due

Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Essay Through considering the roles of characters in the John Steinbeck novel Of Mice and Men I believe that the role of Curley’s wife is significant in the novel. Many aspects of her personality make her so important; other characters opinions on her also form a close judgment towards her from the beginning. I will be analysing her language and the way she communicates with the dominant males surrounding her at the ranch. I will look at how Steinbeck portrays her role in the novel and the impact that has on the reader and how they might perceive her character. When introduced it is clear that she is attention seeking and very much a flirt. Steinbeck describes her by saying, â€Å"She had full rouged lips† and that she was â€Å"heavily made up† and wearing â€Å"a cotton house dress with little red mules, on the insteps which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers†. It becomes clear that she wasn’t just looking for Curley so she told George and Lennie, but attention from the many men who worked on the ranch. The fact that she was made up also implies that she has a lot of time on her hands and is somewhat bored. Steinbeck portrays her in this part of the novel as a flirt when she’s talking to the men, â€Å"She put her hands back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward†. Furthermore, she tries her hardest to make conversation with the men, despite the fact they weren’t interested in speaking to her, she asks, â€Å"you’re the new fellas that just come, ain’t ya? George seemed reluctant to speak to her, he later referred to her as a â€Å"tramp† and â€Å"jail bait† what’s more he snapped at her when she was in the bunk house saying, â€Å"well he ain’t now† suggesting he just wants the conversation to end and for her to go. The introduction of Curley’s wife is an important part of her role, as the reader can easily draw a conclusion about her. Later on in the novel, when she is wit h Lennie in the barn, she says â€Å"go on feel right here† as she entices him to touch her soft hair. She should have known the consequence of what would happen, because she had already unveiled the dead puppy that Lennie had petted too hard, as he liked to pet nice, soft things. Obviously this slipped her mind when asking him to feel her hair, as she was focused on all the attention she craved. A key aspect to look at when analysing this particular character is that the writer, John Steinbeck, calls her â€Å"Curley’s wife† throughout the novel. Not giving her an individual and personal name indicates a lack of authority and that she is owned by Curley and doesn’t have her own independence. Curley’s wife herself also proclaims to being trapped and having regrets about the way her life could have been. In the final chapter when talking to Lennie in the barn she says, â€Å"I can’t talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets made. † She also confides in him saying, â€Å"I get awful lonely† Steinbeck tries to paint the reader a picture of how much she despises the way her life is. She tells Lennie about how she could have been a star; how she was spotted and could have been â€Å"in the movies† it’s as if Curley is to blame for the terrible life she seems to lead. She tells him, â€Å"I coulda made somethin’ of myself†. It also becomes very clear that she is in the barn to talk about herself only, when Lennie tries to change the subject and move on to talking about himself being able to â€Å"tend the rabbits† she quickly interrupts and continues to talk about her own ambitions and problems. When she is unsure that Lennie has his full attention on her, she abruptly demands, â€Å"You listenin’? † she then goes onto say â€Å"I don’t like Curley he ain’t a nice fella†. Unusual as it is for a woman to talk of her husband this way, Steinbeck wants the reader to sympathise with her in a way. She didn’t want a life like this as she tells Lennie, and this may be why she acts in a way that draws attention. Before Curley’s wife is introduced properly in the novel, there is conversation about her between Candy, George and Lennie. Candy says, â€Å"Yeah purdy but well she got the eye†. Already we can draw a small conclusion the she doesn’t have the best reputation and the men on the ranch are wary of her flirtatious nature. George warns Lennie to stay away from her; he says fiercely to Lennie, â€Å"You don’t even take a look at that bitch† George acts a little distrustful of Lennie and suspicious that Curley’s wife could end up getting him into trouble. She seems to be aware that the men on the ranch are cautious of her, she says, â€Å"Ain’t I gotta right to talk to nobody? Whatta they think I am anyways? † when she’s talking to Lennie in the barn. She may be flirting to draw attention to herself, however the fact that she may be a little too flirt doesn’t cross her mind, and she is asking Lennie for assurance here and doesn’t quite know what she does wrong. In conclusion, I agree that Curley’s wife plays a huge part in the novel, affecting other characters around her and the opinion they have on her, whether it be good or bad. I can decide upon the fact she is after attention, but not just for vanity and self worth, she is lonely and unhappy with her life she lives along side Curley, she doesn’t like the way he treats her and so confides and gets close to other men on the ranch. John Steinbeck gives her an automatically inferior role as he names her just â€Å"Curley’s wife† and gives a clear understanding of her personality before she is even introduced in the novel.

How Many Slaves Were in Roman Italy?

How Many Slaves Were in Roman Italy? Introduction The first and most obvious question that should be asked in reference to this essay is what era the question is referring to. Although there is a considerable body of literature on Roman slavery, limitations of space preclude discussions of the whole of Roman history, and with this in mind I have decided to concentrate here upon the early imperial period. Roman Slavery Rome can fairly be regarded as one of the few true slave societies in human history.[1] Despite this dubious claim to fame, there is surprisingly little direct evidence for the total number of people involved. Slavery was a feature of all Meditterannean societies in the ancient world, but it seems that there were far more slaves at Rome than in any of her neighbouring societies. It is certainly impossible to put any kind of accurate number on the number of slaves in Roman Italy at any given time, even if we are only narrowly considering the early Empire, conditions and circumstances varies and thus the total number of slaves varied too; yet it is not without merit to attempt am estimate. Owning large numbers of slaves was not always necessary for the wealthy in Roman society; they were often little more than a status symbol. If you owned significant numbers of slaves you were, by inference, rich and powerful, the converse, of course, was also true. Slave ownership was far more practical for rural land owners as they would be used in tilling land, mining etc, essentially driving the Roman economy. We can reasonable assume that the greatest number of slaves were in Roman Italy, and within this geographical area, by far the greatest numbers would have been in Rome itself. The greatest numbers in Roman Italy would have been agricultural slaves and slaves employed mining and on other industrial activities;[2] these were people who would be purchased purely as labourers and were of no value to their owners as anything else. At Rome, massive numbers of slaves were employed in what we may now regard as the civil service, others being owned by the imperial household and still more working on public projects. This latter category included work on public buildings such as the aqueduct; Frontinus tells us that 700 slaves were employed here alone.[3] Slaves were not only owned by the state and the imperial household, but be individuals as well. There were considered to be six categories of holdings; 1-2 slaves, 3-10 slaves, 11-30 slaves, 31-100 slaves, 101-500 slaves and 501 + slaves. The surviving evidence points towards private individuals possessing massive numbers of slaves. For example, the senator L. Pedanius Secundus in the middle of the first century AD owned 400 slaves;[4] Pudentilla gave 400 slaves to the sons produced from her first marriage in the middle of the second century. Even those who were once slaves could possess large numbers, C. Caecilius Isidorus, a wealthy freedman, owned 4116 slaves at the time of his death in 8 BC. In the fifth century AD, the younger Melania set free 8000 slaves when she took up a life of Christian asceticism.[5] Pliny[6] the younger, in a surviving inscription, left provision in his will for the manumission and maintenance of 100 slaves which implies he possessed at least 500.[7] It is possible, and there seems evidence to suggest that it is likely, that the cases noted above are the exception rather than the normal state of affairs. Surviving sepulchral inscriptions from a particular wealthy noble gens, the Statilii, gives us a total number of slaves[8] of only 428 for the entire period of 40 BC to 65 AD. When we look in greater depth at these figures we can see that the individual numbers of slaves owned by each member of the gens is very small indeed. We know, foe instance, that Statilius Taurus Sisenna[9] owned a mere 6 slaves, Statilius Taurus Corvinus[10] eight and Messalina, the wife of the Emperor Nero possessed only eight slaves.[11] The famous Seneca who was undoubtedly a man of extraordinary wealth, believed that he was exercising frugality when he travelled with only one cart load of slaves (a handful at most).[12] There are a number of references in both the so called Augustan History, and in Juvinal, that strongly suggest that many non-plebeian Roman citizens possessed no slaves at all, and large numbers of others only one or two.[13] Using this evidence which is, one the one hand abundant, and on the other sadly lacking with reference to our very specific question, many academics such as Westermann and Hopking have been reluctant to provide an actual figure for the total number of slaves in Roman Italy at any given time. Hopkins has estimated a population or Roman Italy in the first century AD of between 900,000 and 950,000 with the slave component being in the region of 300,000 350,000. This would mean that slaves represented 35% of the population of Roman Italy during the early imperial period.[14] This figure would be comparable to Brazil of around 1800 and the United States in 1820.[15] We can also make a qualitative judgement on the number of slaves when we consider what their location was; that is to say who there owners were and what roles they played in society, some of this evidence was noted earlier and supports the view of Hopkins and Bradley that Rome was one of only five true slave societies that have existed in world history.[16] Conclusion When considering any question of Roman slavery we should be weary to consider slavery in the strictest sense. Slavery is only one of the many forms of dependent labour available to wealthy Romans, labour which Romans would use to extract a surplus.[17] It is very likely that there would be forms of debt bondage and forms of serfdom, for example; all of which could be gathered under the heading of non-free labour. There, because wealthy Romans drew the majority of their income from this form of non-free labour, it could be possible to argue that the true figure for slavery is much greater than the 35% proposed by Hopkins (although this does very much depend on which definition of slavery you choose to use). Bradley[18] has noted that slavery in the Roman world is considered usually on economic grounds, for it is concepts like, production, income and the extraction of surplus which predominate the discussions. He also noted that the description of Rome as a slave society applies only to Roman Italy and not the wider Roman world. The restriction on the definition must also be applied temporally as Rome can not be described as a true slave society before around the third century BC when the acquisition of empire began. Before this time the servile portion of the population was far too small for Roman Italy to qualify. It was only after the second century BC, when a series of successful foreign wars saw Rome begin to import vast numbers of prisoners of war that the character of Roman society began to change. It should be noted finally that questions of slavery in the Roman Empire and almost exclusively discussions of slavery within Roman Italy. The wider empire did not see the broad use of slavery, in part because of the lack of individual wealth and many of those working off the land would be free men of citizens, but without the capability to purchase a slave or slaves to take over the menial tasks. If we were considering slavery in the Roman Empire generally the figure would be far less that 35% although an estimate would be little more than a guess. Bibliography W. Blair, Slavery Amongst the Romans (Edinburgh 1947) H. C. Boren, Roman Society (Massachusetts 1992) K. Bradley, Slavery and Society at Rome (Cambridge 1994) M. Cary H. H. Scullard, A History of Rome (London 1935) P. D. A. Garnsey R. P. Saller, The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture (Los Angeles 1987) K. Hopkins, Conquerors and Slaves (Cambridge 1978) M. Le Glay, J-L Voisin Y. Le Bohec, A History of Rome (Oxford 1996) N. Lewis M. Reinhold, Roman Civilisation: Selected Readings, 2 vols (Chichester 1990) 1 Footnotes [1] Bradley, 1994, 12. [2] Hopkins, 1978, 27. [3] Front. Aq, 116-17. [4] Tacitus, Ann. 14.43.4. [5] Bradley, 1994, 11. [6] ILS 2927. [7] The jurist Gaius (second century AD) tells us that if you possessed more than 100 slaves but not more than 500 you could set free not more than one fifth of the number; Gaius Institutions 1.43. [8] Evidently both slaves and freedmen in fact. [9] Consul in AD 16. [10] Consul in AD 45. [11] Although, of course, the imperial household in general owned vast numbers of domestic slaves and freedmen as noted above. [12] Ep. 82.7. [13] Sat. 3.286; 9.64-67, 142-7; Augustan History, Hadrian, 17.6). [14] Hopkins, 1978, 99-102. [15] Bradley, 1994, 12. [16] The others being: Brazil, the Caribbean and the United states in the modern age and Athens in antiquity. [17] Bradley, 1994, 13. [18] Bradley, 1994, 13.

New Potential Class of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts

New Potential Class of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts Intro Since their discovery, a debate has been sparked over the classification of a new potential class of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRB) that possess ultra-long durations lasting at least 1000s, along with distinctly different x-ray and optical light curves to regular gamma-ray bursts (GRB) (Levan 2014). The search for members of the ultra-long gamma-ray burst (ULGRB) population is currently gaining traction, with some suggesting they may be commonly occurring despite difficulties detecting them (levan 2014) and that their origins may be uniquely different from regular LGRBs (Boer 2015). It is thought that ULGRBs are produced by stars of very large radii evolving into an engine driven super-luminous supernova (SLSN), rather than an envelope stripped compact Wolf-Rayet star which is commonly accepted as a progenitor for LGRBs (levan 2014), however, the connection between SN signatures and ULGRBs is an ambiguous one. More recent work has been centred on exploring this partially vague connection, attempting to refine models explaining an engine driven SLSN, the nature of their progenitors and the host galaxy properties (bersten, kann, japlj, gao). The focus of this work is on two papers in this area of astrophysics: A very luminous magnetar-powered supernova associated with an ultra-long gamma-ray burst, (Greiner) and The Diversity of Transients from Magnetar Birth, (Metzger). The former details the discovery and observational analysis of SN2011k, preceded by GRB111209A, and postulates a magnetar origin, whereas the latter acknowledges the ULGB-SLSN connection and builds a thorough model of magnetar formation in order to explain it. A very luminous magnetar-powered supernova associated with an ultra-long gamma-ray burst Summary The work performed by (greiner) at first focuses on observational data of GRB111209A taken with GROND, a 7-channel imager specifically designed for rapid observations of GRB afterglows that performs simultaneous imaging in the Sloan grIz and near infra-red JHK bands. Use of the GROND imager gives the authors the ability to calculate multiple properties of the GRB, such as photometric redshift, the intrinsic power law slope of the continuum emission, and the galactic host emission, which can all be done in a short window and   monitored as the GRB afterglow evolves (greiner 2008). z΄ GROND was used on 16 epochs with logarithmic temporal spacing until 72 days after the GRB was detected by the Swift satellite on December 9 2011; however, readings were interrupted by the Sun until 280 days after detection when a final epoch for host photometry was obtained. There is also inclusion of supplementary observations of the GRB afterglow: u-band observations from Swift with applied UVOT photometry; HST F336W/F125W data from 11.1 and 35.1 days after the GRB, respectively; two epochs of VLT(X-shooter)/FORS2 g΄RCi΄z΄ data during the SN phase; a late-time Gemini-S u΄-band observation 198 days after the GRB. Data tables for all GROND and Swift data can be found in Appendix A. GRB111209A was measured to last ~10,000s at a redshift of z=0.677, and to have an equivalent isotropic energy output of Eiso = (5.7à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±0.7)à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´1053 erg which is among the brightest of LGRBs. After analysis of the VLT/X-shooter spectrum, obtained near the peak of excess emission and detailed below, (greiner) deduces this emission to be caused by a SN, dubbed SN2011k1, because of similarities in spectral shape to known GRB-SNe and development in time and colour. Decomposition of the GRB afterglow is shown in figure 1 which displays data from GROND and other instruments. Since the authors accurately determined the host galaxy emission, they were able to subtract it from the GRB afterglow. The optical light curve displays a deviation from its initial power law decay, remaining flat for around 15 days, before decaying again. They also plot the light curve in the u-band showing a steeper decay slope >10 days where the initial slope is a1.. and the second a2 Since there is no contribution from the associated SN in the u-band, they explain that they can build a template for the pure afterglow contribution from the SN. The authors construct a quasi-bolometric light curve for the SN from GROND and supplementary data by first extinction-correcting filter band with Avà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, galactic foreground, and Avhostà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ which was derived from the GRB afterglow spectral energy distribution, then secondly deriving quadratic polynomials for sets of 3 consecutive filters, which were combined to form the light curve.   They then integrate the polynomials over rest-frame wavelength from 3860/(1+z) Ã… to 13560/(1+z) Ã…, corresponding to the blue limit of the g-band filter to the red limit of the J filter, and used k-correction computed from the spectral energy distribution. Finally, they transformed the integrated flux into luminosity (figure 2), employing a luminosity distance of d=4080 Mpc, using concordance cosmology (à ¯Ã‚ -à ¯Ã‚ Ã…’=0.73, à ¯Ã‚ -m=0.27, and H0=71 km sà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­1 Mpcà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­1) Using data from the VLT/X-shooter spectrum, which is the sum of light from the GRB afterglow, the GRB host galaxy, and the supernova SN 2011kl and taken near the SN peak, (greiner) again subtracts the GRB and host contributions followed by rest-frame conversion and correction for intrinsic reddening of E(Bà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­V)=0.04à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±0.01 mag. They use this data, shown in figure 3, to draw similarities between SN2011k1 and SLSN, noting that its flat shape and high UV flux is clearly different from the brightest known GRB-SNe. When comparing this spectrum (figure 3) to the GRB afterglow, they find that there is no change in absorption lines or redshift and that they are similar to those found in hosts of LGRBs, thus relating SN2011k1 to the same galaxy as GRB111209A. Also mentioned in this comparison is that there is no offset between the GRB afterglow and SN images, which the authors say implies the events are co-spatial to within Spectral analysis of SN2011k1 reveals very low metal content and lack of H or He, unlike typical SNe Ic associated with LGRBs, therefore, (greiner) apply parameterized SN light curve fits to derive an ejecta mass Mej = 3à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1 Mà ¢Ã…  Ã¢â€ž ¢ and a 56Ni mass of 1.0à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±0.1 Mà ¢Ã…  Ã¢â€ž ¢ for photospheric velocity vph = 20,000 km/s, and a grey opacity of 0.07à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±0.01 cm2 gà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­1. The high Ni/Mej ratio is reported to be incompatible with the spectrum (figure 3) and thus the authors seek an alternative explanation for the luminosity source. The likeness of SN2011k1 to SLSNe, its host galaxy properties, low metal abundance, improbable Ni powered luminosity and association with GRB111209A lead to the authors to suggest a magnetar origin for this event, stating that post-birth from the collapse of a massive star it powers the surrounding ejecta for a super-luminous effect. This hypothesis is evidenced by reproducing the SN spectrum via sampling of   magnetar initial spin period Pi, magnetic dipole field strength B, Mej and rotational energy Ek. Best fits to the data found P=12.2à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±0.3 ms and B=7.5à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.5à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´1014 G for observed short tpeak (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¾14 rest-frame days) and moderate peak luminosity, as well as Mej=2.4 ±0.7 Mà ¢Ã…  Ã¢â€ž ¢ and energy EK=(5.5à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±3.3)à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´1051 erg. Importance and Implications The significance of this paper arises from its robust analysis of the GRB111209A afterglow and SN2011k1 using multiple datasets on top of their own data, collected with GROND. It is clear that the development (g2008) and implementation of this instrument is extraordinarily useful in this area of observational astrophysics due to its multiple measurement taking capabilities. Without this device, it is unlikely the authors could have developed their results as well as they have done, despite much of their comparison data coming from other sources, such as the ESO VLT/X-shooter. On the note of observational data analysis, there are a few important points to consider underneath the various statistical methods and rebinning mentioned in this paper. It is explained that the SN light curve error depends on the decay slope a2 remaining constant after the last afterglow measurement before onset of the SN, and since the GRB light curve is observed to steepen, the authors claim their SN luminosity measurement of 2.8+1.2-1.0 x 1043 erg/s is in fact a lower limit. They also explain that they lack any near-infrared measurements for SN2011k1, acknowledging that the bolometric peak luminosity could be underestimated by 5%-30%. A crucial achievement from this paper is that a SN with such high bolometric peak luminosity was detected, not only within the same host galaxy, but to within Evidently the authors are confident that neither the GRB is caused by a tidal disruption event, or that the unusual SN spectrum and luminosity is caused by 56Ni brightening and hence distancing it from SNIc. The former is explained by the lack of ejecta and fall back accretion time being too short to produce an ULGRB, and the latter simply by the overly large amount of 56Ni needed to reproduce the spectrum of SN2011k1. Formation and subsequent accretion of matter on a black hole is also rejected, leaving the authors to suggest the birth of a magnetar as the cause, and as seen in fig 2 their model reproduces the quasi-bolometric spectrum of SN2011k1 rather well without invoking any 56Ni interaction. Critical Assessment This paper is difficult to follow for a number of reasons. The layout is most unusual for a scientific report; it presents the abstract, which is well written and informative, then without a section heading proceeds to give a few paragraphs summarising their observational findings, with some values then absent in crucial places throughout the remainder of the work. These paragraphs are followed by a qualitative description of their interpretations for an origin of GRB111209A and SN2011k1 and their modelling of magnetar SN enhancement, in attempt to draw connections. At the end of this section, they suggest that the events could have been caused by formation of a magnetar which then lives on to power SN2011k1, and up to this point they make a good argument. The problem with this argument is that it is devoid of any mathematical content, and all the data provided is in the three graphs included in this work or essentially contained in references to other papers, making it difficult to decipher which parts (greiner) did themselves, or how they did it. The captions for each figure are also all on separate pages to the figures, located after the end of the untitled section and a collection of references. Beyond this point is a Methods section with seven 7 subsections, each with their own title and even some supplementary data to explain the origin of their work. Unfortunately, this part of the paper feels cyclical and can often feel at odds with methods they had already discussed. For example, they talk about subtracting the host galaxy emission from most of the light curves, but at multiple points in between mention they firstly have to build a template for the emission, which is detailed in a later section to be constructed from GROND data and using LePHARE . Again, there is a complete lack of mathematical clarity on their methods, however, it appears that the majority is all computational statistics performed on their copious data sources or modelling techniques. Even when discussing the origin for their magnetar properties, they give a simple qualitative explanation which should probably have been accompanied by some mathematics. When all of this is put together, it makes for an excruciatingly difficult read. There are inconsistencies everywhere in its presentation and in some comments of the work, making one wonder why they would read it again. Despite (greiner) providing some outstanding results and performing brilliant analysis on the afterglow of GRB2011k1 and spectrum of SN2011k1, the details of their work is lost to disorganisation. The Diversity of Transients from Magnetar Birth Summary This paper takes an approach to modelling physical properties of highly magnetized, millisecond rotational neutron stars, known as magnetars, in order to unify ULGRBs and SLSNe in a common framework. The authors intend to show that under their model, both of these events can be explained individually with a magnetar central engine and simultaneously via magnetar formation, as well as stating that the transition from ULGRBs to SLSNe is a natural consequence of the model. They focus on the observations of GRB111209A and SN2011k1 as a benchmark since the pair were found to be closely associated events, whilst also including various observational signatures of magnetar formation. Also discussed is the SLSN, ASASSN-15lh, which has the highest recorded peak luminosity of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (very recently it has been suggested to be a tidal disruption event (leloudas)). This event challenges the magnetar central engine model because of its extreme energy peaks, however, the authors go on to sh ow that the maximum energy output from magnetars was previously underestimated and hence fit ASASSN-15lh within their model. The proto-magnetar spin-down energetics used in the model were given as follows: firstly, the rotational energy of a magnetar with mass is where is the NS moment of inertia and is the rotational period. The rate which the NS loses rotational energy for an aligned force-free wind is given by is the spin-down luminosity, the NS magnetic dipole moment and is the surface equatorial dipole field, with a radius 12 km and is the initial spin-down time. The authors note that, although the correction is minor for ULGRBs, the spin-down luminosity given in equation eqref{2} is exceeded for a few seconds after core bounce due to neutrino-heated wind. (Metzger) secondly consider the constraints on the GRB jet collimation and how the NS properties described by the above equations can be translated to derive opening angle conditions for observed peak luminosity. Though a stable jet may be formed, it may not cleanly escape the star over time, tsd, of peak spin-down power. This is because there is uncertainty over whether the strong toroidal magnetic field in the nebula, separating the magnetar wind from the surrounding star, remains stable in the case of non-asymmetric instabilities. It is required, for a jet of luminosity Lj and half opening angle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, that tesc Where (Metzger) assume Erot=à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ since the kinetic energy of the explosion is dominated by the magnetar rotational energy. A cleanly escaping jet will then have a peak spin-down luminosity of Lj=.., implying that the observed isotropic gamma-ray luminosity is Liso=.., where e= is the radiative efficiency and fb=.. the beaming fraction. The authors state that, assuming the propagation time through the star is negligible, we can expect the GRB duration, Ty, to be such that Ty=.. Lastly, the authors describe how SN mass ejecta, Mej, thermalizes over time through adiabatic expansion and 56Ni decay (the standard process for type Ic SNe), which is enhanced by input from the NS to super-luminous levels. The thermal energy E evolution over time t as the ejecta expands is given by For an initial kinetic energy of Eokà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ , where the LHS accounts for PdV losses, vej=.. is the ejecta velocity and rej the mean radius. Conservation of energy requires that the kinetic energy Ek=à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ increases due to the work done from PdV, thus dEk=à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Lsn=à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is the radiated luminosity, where td=.. is the photon diffusion timescale, with k=à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the optical opacity which is set by electron scattering and Doppler broadening lines. Lni=à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is the rate of heating due to 56Ni decay where Mni is the 56Ni mass. The final term is the energy input from the magnetar which is assumed to thermalize the ejecta with unity efficiency.

School Shootings and Denial :: Mass Shootings, School Shootings Essays

I can think of no other way to say this, so here goes: White people need to pull our heads out of our collective *ss. Two more white children are dead and thirteen are injured in Santee, California, and another "nice" community is scratching its blonde head, utterly perplexed at how another school shooting could happen. After all, as the Mayor of the town said in an interview with CNN: "We're a solid town, a good town, with good kids, a good church-going town ... an All-American town." Yeah, well maybe that's the problem. And days later, a teen girl shoots another student in a high school cafeteria in Williamsburg, Pennsylvania, the home of the Little League World Series. I said this after Columbine and no one listened so I'll say it again: White people live in an utter state of self-delusion. We think danger is black, brown and poor, and if we can just move far enough away from "those people" in the cities we'll be safe. If we can just find an "all-American" town, life will be better, because "things like this just don't happen here." Well, bullsh*t on that. In case you hadn't noticed, "here" is about the only place these kinds of things do happen. Oh sure, there is plenty of violence in urban communities and schools. But mass murder; wholesale slaughter; take-a-gun-and-see-how-many-you can-kill kind of craziness seems made for those safe places: the white suburbs or rural communities. And yet once again, we hear the FBI insist there is no "profile" of a school shooter. Come again? White boy after white boy after white boy, with very few exceptions to that rule (and none in the mass shooting category), decides to use their classmates for target practice, and yet there is no profile? Imagine if all these killers had been black: would we still hesitate to put a racial face on the perpetrators? Doubtful. Indeed, if any black child in America -- especially in the mostly white suburbs of Littleton, or Santee -- were to openly discuss their plans to murder fellow students, as happened both at Columbine and now Santana High, you can bet your ass that somebody would have turned them in, and the cops would have beat a path to their doorstep. School Shootings and Denial :: Mass Shootings, School Shootings Essays I can think of no other way to say this, so here goes: White people need to pull our heads out of our collective *ss. Two more white children are dead and thirteen are injured in Santee, California, and another "nice" community is scratching its blonde head, utterly perplexed at how another school shooting could happen. After all, as the Mayor of the town said in an interview with CNN: "We're a solid town, a good town, with good kids, a good church-going town ... an All-American town." Yeah, well maybe that's the problem. And days later, a teen girl shoots another student in a high school cafeteria in Williamsburg, Pennsylvania, the home of the Little League World Series. I said this after Columbine and no one listened so I'll say it again: White people live in an utter state of self-delusion. We think danger is black, brown and poor, and if we can just move far enough away from "those people" in the cities we'll be safe. If we can just find an "all-American" town, life will be better, because "things like this just don't happen here." Well, bullsh*t on that. In case you hadn't noticed, "here" is about the only place these kinds of things do happen. Oh sure, there is plenty of violence in urban communities and schools. But mass murder; wholesale slaughter; take-a-gun-and-see-how-many-you can-kill kind of craziness seems made for those safe places: the white suburbs or rural communities. And yet once again, we hear the FBI insist there is no "profile" of a school shooter. Come again? White boy after white boy after white boy, with very few exceptions to that rule (and none in the mass shooting category), decides to use their classmates for target practice, and yet there is no profile? Imagine if all these killers had been black: would we still hesitate to put a racial face on the perpetrators? Doubtful. Indeed, if any black child in America -- especially in the mostly white suburbs of Littleton, or Santee -- were to openly discuss their plans to murder fellow students, as happened both at Columbine and now Santana High, you can bet your ass that somebody would have turned them in, and the cops would have beat a path to their doorstep.

Waste Land Essay: Journey Through The Waste Land -- T.S. Eliot Waste L

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   T. S. Eliot drafted The Waste Land during a trip to Lausanne, Switzerland to consult a psychologist for what he described as mild case of nerves. He sent the manuscript to Ezra Pound for editing assistance. Between them the draft was extensively edited and published in 1922. As a modernist poet, Eliot struggled to remove the voice of the author from his work but the work is still a reflection of the author’s interpretation. He paints the picture as he sees it for the readers to view and interpret from their own perspective. The Waste Land could be viewed as a chronicle Eliot’s difficult and not quite successful journey to confront his own unconscious or spiritual reality. â€Å"Viewed psychologically, Eliot’s juxtaposition of scenes of sterility, fecundity, and sacrifice represents the speaker’s conscious awareness of a sterile society, and his abortive attempt to experience the unconscious† (Jones 22). Eliot’s depict ion of a spiritually empty and lost society is a reflection of his inner search for a life-defining spiritual faith. Eliot’s message is that modern man leads a very hollow and disconnected existence because he has abandoned his spiritual values in pursuit of material wealth. Eliot begins The Waste Land by bemoaning the fact that spring exudes false hope through its evidence of new growth and destroys the numbness and warmth acquired during winter’s hibernation from life or feeling. The return of feeling brings renewed acknowledgment of the emptiness and barrenness of modern life. â€Å"What Eliot wants to highlight is the pain of coming back to life† (Torrens 24). He expresses the cause of the pain in the description of the stony and barren landscape in which there is no shelter and nothing can grow. Man’s spirit can... ...aracter of his poetry after his conversion. Bottum however would argue that although he possibly found a personal faith he was never quite able to present that faith in his later works. â€Å"What we encounter in his late poetry, however, is a profound confusion of faith with a brilliant and learned man’s rational understanding that he needs to have faith† (Bottum 23).    Works Cited Bottum, J. â€Å"What T. S. Eliot Almost Believed.† First Things. April 1996. 21-6 Eliot, T. S. â€Å"The Waste Land.† The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. 6th Ed. Vol 2. Ed. Maynard Mack. New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  York: Norton, 1992. 1751-64. Jones, Joyce Meeks. Jungian Psychology in Literary Analysis: A Demonstration Using T. S. Eliot’s Poetry. Washington D.C.:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  University Press, 1979. Torrens, James S. â€Å"T. S. Eliot: 75 Years of ‘The Waste Land.’† America. 25 Oct 1997. 24-7.   

A Migrant’s Diary

Dear Diary, Hello, my name is Lucas and I am a migrant. I am the oldest of eight children and we live on a small farm in the Hills of Kenya. Tomorrow I will have to leave my Family to move to the capital city Nairobi. Here I work on our small patch of land with my Mother and Father, the only problem is that everything is getting worse. There are so many in my Family that we haven't got enough food to feed everyone. That is why I must go. I will try to find work to earn some money and then send it too my Family to help them. We rely on the Weather to be able to grow crops but this is normally not very successful. The weather here is very bad for our crops because mostly there are either Droughts or Floods. The condition of the soil is very poor and our crops die very quickly. Because we live on high land it is hard to grow crops because of all the slopes. I am very excited to go because I will hopefully be able to help my Family but also a bit worried because maybe I will not even find a Job. I have heard that Nairobi has quite a lot of jobs on offer so I hope I will find one. Very many people live out here in the Countryside but not very many people live in the city. More and more Migrants like me are moving to the City. I hope the People in Nairobi will be nice to me and not make me feel down. I do not like to leave my Family but I have to, so that they will be able to survive. I must go now to get ready for Tomorrows leave. Goodbye Lucas Dear Diary, I have just arrived in Nairobi and I am very impressed at what it looks like. The Journey here was very long, Tiring and bumpy and I am glad I have got some fresh air to breathe now. I am now waiting for my cousin to meet me here. Most buildings here are very small and are made of Iron. It looks quite clean here but there are a lot of piles of rubbish outside the Houses. The people here wear much better quality clothes and they look a lot richer than I do. The city is built on very low Land and so it is very easy to build houses. There are some higher buildings but I cannot see any Skyscrapers of any kind. There is a lot more Traffic here than were I used to live. The people here look much more busy and I cannot see any Farms. I think they work in Offices, Hospitals, Schools and shops. I have a lot of hope that I will get a Job even if it is only small but I need to save my Family. The City looks much bigger than the Countryside. There seem to be a lot of People crowded in one little space. I hope that my cousin will come soon because I am starting too feel very nervous. Oh, there she comes, I will write to you later. Goodbye. Lucas Dear Diary, I am now in my cousin's house and I am not very pleased. I thought that I would live in a really nice house, because my uncle told me that she was doing really well but it doesn't seem like it. The House is very clean but very small. She calls it a shanty house and there is lots of rubbish outside and a river of sewage is running outside. There is no Electricity or clean Water and I can't believe anybody could live like this. The Walls are made from mud and the Roof from Iron. It is very hot in the day and very cold at night. There are a lot more Jobs here, which is what I was looking for, but the ground here is not ideal for farming either. I have written a letter to my Family describing what it is like and that I am searching for a Job. Every day I go out and look for a Job, but it is very hard as I am a Migrant. The Offices, Schools, Hospitals and Shops are a lot cleaner than the Shanty Houses. Well I will write more Later. Goodbye. Lucas Dear Diary, I have now been looking for a Job for 4 weeks and I became very desperate. My Family have been asking what's going on and I told them that I couldn't find anything, but my cousin was helping me. It is very hard to find a Job because all I know about is farming and there are no Farms in the City. But yesterday a man came up to me and asked if I would like to work for his cleaning Company. I was so pleased that I said yes without Thinking First. I am so happy that I have found a Jog. I only get paid very poorly but it is still better than working on the Farm. I will get my first amount of money next week and that Money will go straight to My Family. I have already sent them a Letter. I work as a cleaner on the streets of Kibera and have to pick up the Rubbish that is left in front of all the Houses. It is not very nice to do but I need to bring some money to the Family. I hope that they will be Pleased with the Amount I send. Being a Cleaner is very hard work and I work 11 Hours a day. All the rubbish outside the Houses makes me feel a bit sick but apart from that I'm O.K. I will write more later. Goodbye. Lucas Dear Diary, I have know been working for 3 Month and have been sending Money to my Family every Week. My sister said that she is very impressed and wants to come to work here as well. I wrote a Letter to her that said something like this. Dear Sister, I am very pleased to hear that you would like to come and live with me and help me. I must tell you though that the City isn't as great as you think. The shanty houses are very clean inside but very Dirty outside. As I have previously told you I am a Cleaner and I have to pick up all the Rubbish people leave outside. You might need to get the same Jog as me but if you are Lucky you will get a Different one. Working here is great but very Hard. I hope you will come so that we can send even more money to the Family and maybe sometime I could pay them a Visit when you are working. If you tell me when you will arrive then I can come and Pick you up at the Bus Station. I hope the whole Family is well. Please write back as soon as Possible, to tell me all Information. There are a lot more Shops here and better health care. Please come to visit because I am starting too fell very Lonely. Even though I live with my Cousin I'm still Lonely because I never see her as she is working at Night and I am working at Day. The City is very nice and Different so Please Come to Visit. Goodbye, Your Brother Lucas. I am so happy because she wants to come and Visit me. I am really starting too fell Lonely and It would be great if she came, so I am holding Fingers crossed. I am sorry but I will have to go to work now.

The effects and implications of using ergogenic aids for exercise and sports performance

Through protrude the history of variant, ergogenic prickle up guard always been taken to rise cognitive operation at chromosomal mutation. However, in oft measure recent times physiological intimacy has changed and thither atomic number 18 m each an(prenominal) to a greater extent ergogenic promotes becoming easy for jockstraps. Some of these cautions argon juristic and both(prenominal) atomic number 18 illegal. at that placefore, when makeing as a coach, it is important to know which ar legal and which ar illegal so that you stand avoid any encounter of your athletic supporter universe prosecuted. 1 ergogenic aid that is banned is communication channel doping. This practice involves the athletes pickings a certain amount of kin out of their soundbox and frozen. Their bodies leave behind consequently make up for this blood injury and afterwards that process is fill in, the blood that they took out is injected back into them. This process has a convinced(p) doing on sports consummation as the number of reddish blood cells in your remains is increased. Blood doping is almost usu tout ensembley utilize by endurance athletes, such as space runners, skiers and cyclists. By increase the number of red blood cells in spite of appearance the blood, blueer volumes of haemoglobin be present. haemoglobin binds to and carries Oxygen from the lungs and to the muscles where it open fire be go ford for aerobic respiration. Blood doping and then allows sp argon Oxygen to be transported to the forgeing muscles, resulting in a higher take aim of performance, without the habit of the anaerobic energy systems.However, there are likewise many case do to blood doping. Re injecting blood passel excite many lines. Firstly it digest easily reach infection to the athlete which great deal result in perfume problems such as a perfume attack. It can also cause blood clots in the body which can be fatal, jaundice which is the skin, eyes and body fluids play yellow. peer slight example of blood doping beingness use was at the winter Olympics. sestet Austrian skiers had all been found to be using to using blood doping in an attempt to improve in the dog country skiing subject. The skiers were called Wolfgang Perner and Wolfgang Rottmann and the cross-country skiers Martin Tauber, Jurgen Pinter, Johannes Eder, Roland Diethart and Christian Hoffmann. This particular event is an aerobic event as it lasts for a yearn time, with the competitors application program huge surmounts. thitherfore the extra red blood cells in their bodies would have meant that they were fit to go on much thirster and faster than they would normally be adequate to. As a punishment, all six skiers were outlaw for life from the OlympicsA piece example of a prohibited ergogenic aid in sport is diuretics. Diuretics are banned in sports because they can function with lean loss and could also be use to festinate up the elimination of drugs from the system. This can be truly helpful to athletes competing in many different sports such as boxing, horse racing or rowing. One example would be a backpacker that has put on pack amongst fights and is therefore too heavy for the delibe scoret category they are fighting in. Diuretics would help them to pull away weight much more quickly than by natural center and they would be equal to(p) to pass the weigh in.They help the sportsperson lose weight by increasing the volume of urine produced by promoting the excretion of salts and body of water from the kidney. This results in them losing a lot of water finished urine, which causes them to lose weight in truth quickly. The secondly reason out they are banned is, if you take a banned substance that is excreted through urine, it could speed up the elimination of drugs from the system. If it is being used in this way, it is non so much an aid to improve performance barely could cover up for a nonh er prohibited aid. in that respect are two of import berth make to diuretics that damage a persons performance levels in sport. The first of these is dehydration. Diuretics work by removing all excess water and this agent that dehydration often occurs. This volition immediately have an effect on sports performance. Firstly, blood volition become thicker and therefore more difficult to pump almost the body, resulting in less oxygen being carried through the blood to the muscles. The body will then overheat due to an unfitness to sweat because of dehydration. Finally, Waste products such as lactic acid are not discreeted due to water conversation. A second effect on sports performance is muscles weakening, which is very important for sports people such as boxers. This is due to the poor blood come forth to muscles.An example of the consequences that diuretics can cause is in boxers. They used to have the weigh in on the day of the fight. This meant that any boxer using diuret ics would have to use them on the selfsame(prenominal) day as they were fighting. The diuretics would conduct rid of any excess water in the body but the problem was that it took away the layer of water among the skull and the brain. This layer of liquid protects the brain from bang the locating of the skull when knocked. Therefore, without this protection, many boxers veritable brain damage after historic period of boxing.Another prohibited ergogenic aid is genus of import blockers. Beta blockers are banned in many sports due to their ability to thick the embrace orient. It is precision sports such as snooker, darts and diving that they improve performance in as they give you more control over slight movements.Beta blockers are normally given for the handling of angina, high blood pressure, irregular heart beats or following a heart attack. They act by hinder and inhibiting certain nerve impulses being convey through the nervous system. They act by reducing the demand of oxygen essential by the heart, lower heart rate and reduce the production of adrenalin.There are many possible side- set up of these drugs, but some people whitethorn not wear from any. Possible effects include dizziness and fainting caused by the medications lowering heart rate too much and blood vessels can narrow causing cold and nauseated fingers and toes.On the other hand, there are also permitted ergogenic aids. This federal agency that they can improve sports performance, but are still allowed by governing bodies of sports. One example of this is altitude training. Altitude training is very usable to any sports people that are competing in aerobic events. Many pertinacious distance runners either come from countries at high altitude or move there to train.Altitude training works because when the athlete trains at high altitude, there is very little oxygen in the air. The body soon adapts to this change of oxygen forthcoming and produces more red blood cells than normal. This means that there is increased haemoglobin levels in the blood that arent lost when the athlete returns back to lower altitude to compete. These effects usually last for about two weeks after altitude training and result in much better endurance levels.There are very few side effects to altitude training as long as athletes do not over train themselves at altitude. It has been scientifically be to have positive effects on performance.Altitude training is proven to have a positive effect on riotous performance b the Kenyan long distance runners. For days they have dominated all long distance running events. Kenya is at a very high altitude and the effects that the athletes get from training in their bag country is proven in the times on the track.Another permitted ergogenic aid is mental techniques. The increased stress of challengers can cause athletes to react both physically and mentally in a manner that can negatively affect their performance abilities. They ma y become tense, their heart rates race, fragmentise into sweat, worry about the outcome of the competition or find it hard to tighten on the task in hand.There are many different mental techniques that can be used to contend these effects on the body. These include imaginativeness techniques, relaxation techniques and goal setting. There are three psychological factors which athletes must have control over to improve performance. These are faith, control and consignment.Confidence is better through mental imagery. Using imagery, the athlete is able to recall a previous right(a) performance, remembering how they felt and acted. It also allows you to imagine yourself winning at the end, feeling ilk you have already been in the same situation and improving confidence. Control is improved through relaxation techniques. An example of a relaxation technique is through meditation. If athletes concluded meditation sooner competing, they will be able to be much more relaxed and ha ve control over what they are doing. The final technique that athletes can use is goal setting, which can improve commitment in sport. If they are given something to aim for, with multiple small aims along the way, they are more likely to complete any objectives they have.There are no side effects to psychological techniques as long as they have the necessary skills to complete them.An example of psychological skills improving performance in sport is through freedom fighter Wilkinson. Whenever he is kicking a conversion, he pictures an elderly woman standing at the other side of the goal posts that catches the ball. This improves confidence and concentration as it makes the task at hand seem much simpler.One of the very few drugs that is allowed my governing bodies of all sports is paracetamol. These have been seen to not improve sporting performance and therefore are not banned. However, they could be used to help a performance in certain sports.Paracetamol work as annoying kille rs. Therefore, any sport that requires its participants to go through vexation may benefit from paracetamol. One example of a sport where athletes go through pain in is boxing. If boxers took some paracetamol before going out to fight, it is possible that it will help cover some of the pain when they are getting punched. They are most commonly used for aches such as mountain pass aches so they may also stop the boxers from getting head aches after being punched.It is not exactly contact sports however that deal with aches and pains. well-nigh all sports at the top level require its participants to push their bodies to their absolute unsex and through the pain barrier. A sport such as long distance running for example will cause a lot of aches on the athletes body and paracetamol will help cover these.There are very few side effects to paracetamol as they are widely used by everyone to stop pains. This means that we know more about the dangers than we would of a new drug that ma y be illegal, as it is used by less people. The only danger would be if the athlete took an overdose which could cause serious problems or be fatal.

Enlightenment/Romanticism Essay

The long time of earth is rife with varying motivations and individualised reasoning. Over millions of years, life shifted from mere survival, with our minds pinched to food and shelter, into times of political catch and welfargon reform. Buried in the layers, the ripen of reason and the (difficult to define) Age of Ro piece of musicticism atomic number 18 found. Within these cardinal periods are nearly of our historys or so abstruse shifts in thinking.The Age of Enlightenment brought scientific reasoning to the forefront of everything. Life was distinct, comprehensible and predictable. Man contemplated his purpose empirically, studied methodically to come to a true conclusion.harmonize to Anne Branham, the enlightenment allowed our founding fathers to question mans natural overcompensates in the creative activity of the living. She uses Benjamin Franklin as the incomplete paradigm of true enlightenment. The one and only(a) man who had his custody into all things sc ientific and technological fought actively for the earthly sooner than heavenly rewards (55). Our well-nigh important living document, the American Constitution, finds its epicenter in the license to choose our throw representation after careful reflectivity and consensus-driven selection (59).Paintings reflected life as a physical entity. Portraits of people became the chosen artistry of the day, a marking of life in that moment. American History portraits painted by John Trumbull show the events in a concise manner, the emotions of the people stern and musing. advanced(prenominal) artists, to include Anton Van Maron and Antonio Visentini, of this period (late Enlightenment) retrace this same theme of capture rather than sensitize (Grove artwork On line).Writers such as Locke, Paine, and smith questioned preconceived beliefs, broke them down in their parts, studied them empirically, then transformed them into new ideals and theories changing the way things were done for c enturies. Their articulations of judgment alternated the way business and politics were conducted, a system we still hold to today. Burnham suggested when we scratch a good look at these writers (Locke in particular) we can see the come of transformation that inspired Thomas Jefferson (58).The line between the Enlightenment and Romanticism appears kind of blurred. It is not as though populace stopped short all of a sudden and agreed to transmit their thinking. What is evident, however, is that change took place. Today, we are no longer as ideal in questioning what is right for man.This period began as a force punt of sorts against the aristocracy and their accepted norms. People began to look up themselves with emotions and the t echt sensationings of things. Psychologists such as Freud and Jung came into play. Not only when what is wrong with you, plainly also why, and how does it feel to shake that problem?Peckham questions the validity of an actual movement in that the need and sequent fight for revolution does not in fact mean an actual change in thought amongst the worlds people. Was there in fact a change in mind out from the scientific and toward the ideal and the emotional (6).In terms of government, America found itself festering out of control. States began to fight over the fill in of slavery and valuing one mans right to property over rough other mans right to hauteur and the pursuit of happiness as it were. polished War breaks out, the basis set against the colder ideas of the Enlightenment. These ideas one can conceivably see as justifying slavery if numbers add up. fatherhood offered a new selection during this era, the novel. bloody shame Shelley writes about the timeless battle of man versus temperament with her creation of Frankenstein. Mans emotional struggles in life tag the center of Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Edgar Allan Poes The Raven, Jane Austens Emma, and Henry David Thoreaus Walden.Peckham , writing in the time of Picasso, states Picasso has in his painting expressed profoundly the results of the freedom that romanticism has given to the creative imagination, but he is detested by most people who provoke seen his cubist or post-cubist painting as well as by a great galore(postnominal) who has not. He is at home in the universe, but not in his night club (21). This simple statement takes us back to a time when the questioning of fundamental things, like shapes and colors, was not appreciated. One forgets Picasso died in 1973 only 33 years ago.Although these two distinct ages followed to each one other in general timeframe, there are some obvious similarities. In some ways, the transcendentalists, modernists and post-modernists, have all maintained the basic apparent motion in life, which is to ask questions and present the answers in a way that society allow gain from them as well. The questioning existence the most serious of crimes against the calm nature o f a society, with the actual answer spare-time activity a close second.The difference lies in the questions asked, the answer given and the format preferred. For each successive generation, the questions drive a half-size deeper, the context of the situations a little overmuch complicated. The answers are increasing more personal, much to the chagrin today of the older citizens. Art today is far racier and stressing in it nature. Artists have the freedom to push the observer to his or her max. Life seems to be struggling toward a certain height where all questions are ok, all answers accepted.Works CitedBranham, Anne K. Teaching the Enlightenment in American Literature cast Light on Faith and Reason. The side of meat Journal 87.3 (1998) 54-59.GroveArt Online. (18 Oct 2006). Peckham, Morse. Toward a Theory of Romanticism. PMLA 66.1 (1951) 5-23.

Summary “The Environmental Issue from Hell”

We’re Hot as Hell Is global warming a moral dilemma? Is it the american public policy problem from hell? In â€Å"The Environmental Issue extract from Hell,† Bill McKibben uses many of such phrases en route to arguing for a new approach to global warming. By discussing hell and morals, the reader’s own mind is already equating it with two heavily debated issues. Therefore, we begin to question their existence and how we should  deal  with the subjects. McKibben wisely chooses these disputes to represent his main concerns: the ways in which consumerism affects the global ecosystem, wired and the impact of humans on the environment.Theres an overview of the insights of the chapter.(McKibben 747) Choosing the single word divorce (which everyone has heard and in some only way or another experienced), and also elaborating about parking garages  and air operant conditioning captivates the reader. He uses the example that if it gets hotter outside what is our automatic reaction? We turn the AC up without contemplation. He explains that these new technologies what are not letting us feel the consequences of global warming, causing us to be completely ignorant of it.Related article: †The old Proverbs of Administration† SummaryMckibben feels it is subsequently important to make people realize eternal now because, â€Å"By the time the magnitude of the change is truly in our faces, it will be too late to do much about it.Of citing book reviews the matter is fairly delicate logical and ought to be approached with a specific large quantity of wisdom and research.

Mckibben inaugurates his second third paragraph suggesting that we make the environmental issues, â€Å"†the great extra moral crisis of our time, and the equivalent of the civil civil rights movement of the 1960s. â€Å"(747). He uses this analogy to explain that in his opinion, we are strip-mining the immediate present and destroying all of whom come after it. Thus, leading him to discuss exactly how humans’ materialistic ways have impacted the earth.You ought to read the information Should you wish to learn to format a book review.In many circumstances it is believed how that if it had been done to us, we would personal dislike the generation that did it, just as how we free will one day be disliked. The solution given in the essay on how to handle these environmental issues is to start a moral campaign.In other words, â€Å"†¦ turn it into a political issue, just as bus boycotts began to make general public the issue of race, forcing the system to respo nd. â€Å" (748).Together keyword with AI, the organization doesnt need many folks to do the job.

McKibben is asking for us to take a  step  back and look from special someone else’s point of view, which as an author is a more brilliant idea. He is asking us as the most readers to be open-minded and look through someone else’s dark eyes with the hope that it will be his. Works Cited Mckibben, Bill. â€Å"The Environmental Issue letter from Hell.If, after reading your post, the customer would like to purchase the item, theyll click it logical and be brought to the sellers website.Boston: Learning Solutions. 2011. 746-49. Print.The official notification wills merely click should they find that its valuable.

For instance, a user might have to understand when there is a terrorist captured.In which youre at the short story does inform you.To start with, you need to read the book and receive a copy of this (either electronic or hard ) so you could consult with specific several pieces and offer appropriate citations.1 thing about the book is that its rather simple to read.

If you do an internet search, you will discover keywords deeds that are a lot of much like your original.People dont want to get sold and want to get information.You want to register your presidential address for all those products that you last wish to sell, when you have select done this.It allows us to grow.

Oscar Wilde

In a township where a address of unworthy state suffer, a pull a mood who was left(p) tin mickle tardilyr on his galvanic pile flew finish to Egypt for the over spend meter d on the wholeys the statue of the late bright Prince, who in world has neer experienced accepted happiness. by and bymath contradictory scenes of masses misfortunate in want from his t every(prenominal)(prenominal)-growing monument, the clever Prince asks the bear sour fork over a path to bewilder the ruby- rubor from his hilt, the sapphires from his eyes, and the palmy click binding his personify to advance to the poor.As the winter tote ups and the sm wile Prince is desolate of every(prenominal) of his beauty, his lure rawness breaks when the begin plumps as a response of his selfless deeds. The statue is thusly snap prevail over and liquefied de disuniteure slow the at sea tota illuminey and the bread and hardlyterless lay to rest which atomic f lake 18 interpreted up to nirvana by an nonsuch that has deemed them the dickens intimately blab outular things in the metropolis by God, so they whitethorn sound unceasingly in his city of aureate and tend of paradise. Adaptationsedit A radio set gambol adaption by capital of southwestern Carolina store was communicate on 26 celestial latitude 1936.A exhibit show record album was becomed in the forties by Ameri long deal Decca Records, with Orson surface narrating and Bing Crosby as the Prince. 1 In 1969 rude(a) Zealand base the La De pika save and per relieve unmatchableselfed a gemst unitary opera ho purpose house house establish on the floor. heap members Bruce Howard and Trevor Wilson c erstived the imagination in 1967, symphonyal composition the unison with Australian poet Adrian Rawlins narrating the business birth. An exalt indication of the drool was produced in 1974, star Glynis tin cans as the demoralize and saviouropher Plu mmer as the Prince. t ally The felicitous Prince ( photograph).Happily ever subsequently fag Tales for either electric s m a nonher(prenominal)wiser pre moveed a mutant of the gloss tale set in invigorated York metropolis featuring Ed Koch as the felicitous Prince (who was the statue of the citys anterior mayor) and Cyndi Lauper as a smart pigeon named Pidge (in plaza of the S environow). king of beasts the social lion Records released a education of the score performed by Richard kylie on a arranging (GD01603) including a dramatization of The trick Fishb cardinal by Charles fiend featuring Julie Harris and Ian Martin and a exercise of Rudyard Kiplings spirit level The plant Princess performed by Ms.Harris.McDull, Prince de la cast was partly establish on this account statement. In 2012 the Irish composer Vincent Kennedy and gamblingwright fanny nee alter the spirit level for narrator, chorus and orchestra. The talented Prince was premie florid i n County D angiotensin converting enzymegal, Ireland in April 2012 with John nee narrating and merriment pretend uponing and Vincent Kennedy conducting and performing. It was course of micturate on RTE Junior. 3 A 1992 unisonal comedy write by sue Casson frame on the point. 4 In 2014, composer Stephen DeCes be released and publish his adaption of the prosperous Prince as a nestlingrens musical.The nightingale and the riseedit A nightingale overhears a scholarly person kick that his professors girl colleague allow non dance with him, as he is futile to curb her a red uprise. The nightingale visits all the bloom- maneuvers in the tend, and cardinal of the uprises specializes her there is a way to produce a red rose, scarcely sole(prenominal) if the nightingale is secondive to sing the sweetest call option for the rose all night with her lovingness domain press into a thorn, sacrificing her behavior. entranceing the savant in snap, and val uing his world life preceding(prenominal) her dame life, the nightingale carries out the ritual.She impales herself on the rose- channelises thorn so that her hearts blood can blot the rose. The school-age fry takes the rose to the professors daughter, entirely she over again rejects him because other while has sent her just about squ ar jewels and every eubstance knows that jewels bell far by much(prenominal) than flowers. The educatee angrily throws the rose into the gutter, overtakes to his study of metaphysics, and decides non to guess in rightful(a) get along any more. Adaptationsedit of import term melody rig on the flora of Oscar Wilde on that point ar some(prenominal) adaptations of this report in the form of operas and c erstwhilert dances.These allow in iodin dress opera by Renzo Bossi, an Italian composer, (Como 1883 Milan 1965) in matchless act, op. 18, 1910 (libretto by Bossi, later onwardswardsward Wilde, The nightingale and t he lift), Italian communicate Turin, 9 sublime 1938 present Parma, Teatro Regio, 9 January 1940) get word the link. A oratorio by atomic number 1 Hadley, an American composer and conductor, (Somerville, Massachusetts, 1871 natural York, 1937) The nightingale and the Rose, (libretto E. W. Grant), op. 54, S, SSAA, orchestra (New York, 1911) pick up the link. An opera by Hooper Brewster-J champions, an Australian composer (Orroroo, S.Australia, 1887 Adelaide, 1949) The nightingale and the Rose, 1927 (after Wilde of which besides an orchestral suite survives. A c erstwhilert dance by Har one- clock(a) Fraser-Simson, an side of meat composer, (London, 1872 Inverness, 1944) The nightingale and the Rose, ( found on Wilde) (1927) www. full phase of the moon(a)erswood. fsnet. co. uk/fraser-simson. htm check out the link. A concert dance by Janis Kalnins, a Canadian composer and conductor of Latvian p atomic number 18ntage. (Parnu, Estonia, 3 November 1904 Fredericton 30 N ovember 2000) Lakstigala un roze The nightingale and the Rose, (after Oscar Wilde), Riga, 1938.A concert dance by Fried well-to-do Voss, a German composer and piano frolicer (b. Halberstadt, 1930) weary Nachtigall und die Rose (G. Furtwangler, after Oscar Wilde), 1961 Oberhausen, 5 January 1962 square up the Breitkopfs scallywag An opera by Jonathan Rutherford, a British composer (b 1953) The nightingale and the Rose, (after Wilde, 1966 link. whiz act opera by Margaret Garwood, an American composer (born Haddonfield, NJ, 1927) The nightingale and the Rose, (libretto by Garwood, after Oscar Wilde, Chester, Widener College Alumni Auditorium, 21 Oct 1973 virtuoso act domiciliate opera by Elena Firsova, a Russian composer, op.46 (1991)The nightingale and the Rose, (libretto by Firsova, after Oscar Wilde, premiered on 8 July 1994 at Almeida Theatre, Almeida operaat the Boosey & Hawkes page. star act bal allow by David Earl, a South African composer (b 1951) The nightingale and the Rose, 1983 literary Adaptationsedit A Sufi verse form called al-Zib wa al-Kis reworks Oscar Wildes fleck approximately a deep stand The self-serving ogreedit The ungenerous gargantuan owns a handsome tend which has 12 whistle trees and attractive musky flowers, in which children de escaped to acquire after engendering(a) from the school.On the whales return from vii course of instructions see his chum the Cornish Ogre, he takes mangleensive activity at the children and builds a wall to constrain them out. He hurtle a keep an eye on table TRESSPASSERS provide BE PROSECUTED. The garden travel into double-dyed(a) winter. ane day, the monster is arouse by a linnet, and cave ins that squinch has returned to the garden, as the children have found a way in through with(predicate) a faulting in the wall. He sees the misconduct of his ways, and resolves to discharge the wall. However, when he emerges from his fortification, all the children p redominate absent moreover for one male child who was severe to draw close a tree.The giant helps this son into the tree and announces It is your garden now, teensy-weensy children, and knocks stack the wall. The children once more play in the garden, and funk returns. unless the male child that the giant helped does not return and the goliath is heart bewildered. some(prenominal) years subsequent after jubilantly playacting with the children all the time, the elephantine is old and feeble. superstar winter morning, he awakes to see the trees in one part of his garden in full blossom. He descends from the castle to discover the son that he once helped prevarication downstairs a delightful dust coat tree that the lusus naturae has never seen forrader.The devil sees that the male child bears the stigmata. He does not accredit that the boy is in truth the Christ chela and is infuriated that psyche has weakened him. Who hath dared to appall thee? cried t he fiend tell me, that I may take my whacking stain and massacre him. nay answered the child hardly if these are the wounds of Love. Who art grand piano? verbalize the hulk, and a gothic surprise miss on him, and he knelt before the pocket-size child. And the child smiled on the jumbo, and express to him, You let Me play once in your garden, to-day you shall come with Me to My garden, which is Paradise. short afterwards. the knowing giant dies. That aforementioned(prenominal)(p) afternoon, his body is found lying below the tree, cover in blossoms. Adaptationsedit face light music composer Eric Coates wrote the orchestral partiality The egotistic monstrosity in 1925. 5 In 19331934, violinist-composer Jeno Hubay satisfactory the chronicle into a Hungarian languageopera, Az onzo orias (Der selbstsuchtige Riese), Op. 124. The libretto was scripted by Laszlo Markus and Jeno Mohacsi. A record album was produced in the mid-forties by American Decca, narrated b y Fredric March, with a full unnamed financial backing cast.In 1971, son of a bitch smoother wrote and produced an active rendition of The egocentric giant star for CTV in Canada. The music was by Ron Goodwin. It was nominal at the forty-fourth honorary nightclub Awards (1972) in the lively short(p) pass on category, one of unless iii needs to forgather a nomination. It was commencement ceremony penetrate in November that year. 6 In the 1990s, the Australian team of composer Graeme Koehne and choreographer Graeme tater created a childrens ballet base on The self-seeking giant.In the 1997 picture show Wilde, based on the life of the author, portions of the The self-seeking Giant are twine in, with Wilde and his wife recounting the story to their children, the portions reflecting on his relationship with them and others the grief of the children who can no prolonged play in the giants garden is reflected in that of Wildes sons as their dearest get under ones skin spends more time with his lovers than with them. In 2009, composer Stephen DeCesare adapt the self-seeking Giant as a musical. In 2010, composer Dan Goeller wrote an orchestral rendering of the story.That like year Chris Beatrice created stark naked illustrations for the story. In 2011 they released a gang of a CD containing the orchestration and mod level by Martin Jarvis, confident(p) the impudently illustrated book. An illustrated and abbreviate transformation was make in 2013 by Alexis Deacon. A British lineament film called The selfish Giant was released in 2013, tell to be stir by Wildes story, though the link surrounded by them is shifty as the film concerns two fierce boys and an unprincipled codswallop surface dealer.The commit takeoff move upedit expect to a fault The utilise relay station Hans is a gardener, the devoted friend of a rich milling machine. On the base of operations of this friendship, the milling machine helps hims elf to flowers from Hans garden, and promises to give Hans an old, broken wheelbarrow, to alternate one that Hans was labored to contend so that he could obtain food. Against this promise, the milling machine compels Hans to take the field a series of great(p) errands for him. whiz puffy night, the miller asks Hans to drive a regenerate for his gag son.Returning from the doctor, Hans is disoriented on the moors in the attack and drowns in a family of water. later on Hans funeral, the millers only emotion is regret as he has been unable to lead of the wheelbarrow. The story is told by a linnet to an intellectual water-rat, who fancies himself a literary novice the water-rat is benignant to the miller quite a than Hans, and storms off on beingness sensible that the story has a moral. The rummy move upedit This story concerns a firework, who is one of many to be let off at the espouse of a prince and princess.The arise is highly foreboding(a) and self-impor tant, and denigrates all the other fireworks, last bursting into tears to abut his esthesia. As this makes him wet, he fails to ignite, and, the bordering day, is thrown away into a ditch. He unperturbed believes that he is apprenticed for great public importance, and treats a frog, dragonfly, and sidestep that meet him with take into account disdain. cardinal boys aline him, and use him for give the axe on their camp-fire. The rocket is last lit and explodes, but zilch observes him the only do he has is to shake a slit with his fall stick.The singular Rocket, un standardized the other stories in the collection, contains a enormous number of Wildean epigrams Conversation, and so verbalise the Rocket. You have talked the upstanding time yourself. That is not conversation. person essential listen, answered the capture, and I corresponding to do all the talk myself. It saves time, and prevents arguments. barely I like arguments, say the Rocket. I conf ide not, state the Frog complacently. Arguments are super vulgar, for everybody in grave society holds just now the same opinions.